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— Nancy, California Nancy, I understand your concern. What you describe does sound like a very significant and rapid enlargement. Testicular tumors are unusual in this age group, but they can occur. Your grandson’s condition certainly should be evaluated by a pediatrician or a pediatric urologist. To diagnose this swelling, the pediatrician will want to know about the history of the swelling: Is it painful, does it change in size with position, was there trauma to the area?...

On November 13, the CDC issued its 2019 Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States report, underscoring the major health threats posed by bacterial and fungal infections that are resistant to treatment with antibiotics. According to the report, these superbugs are responsible for more than 2.8 million infections in this country annually, or a new infection every 11 seconds. “To stop antibiotic resistance, our nation must stop referring to a coming post-antibiotic era — it’s already here,” writes the CDC’s director, Robert Redfield, MD, in a letter accompanying the 148-page report....

— Victoria, Virginia Swelling or angioedema of the tongue must always be taken seriously because if the swelling spreads back in the throat, it can interfere with or even entirely obstruct the airway. Also, some swelling progresses very rapidly (sometimes within minutes), although that is not always the case. There are different things that can trigger swelling of the tongue. In children, a food allergy, medication allergy (including over-the-counter medications for fever and headache like aspirin or ibuprofen), or an inherited condition called hereditary angioedema should be considered....

Digestive Symptoms of EPI Since EPI affects digestion and absorption, it’s no surprise that it can lead to a number of uncomfortable gastrointestinal symptoms. These can range in severity from mild to extremely painful. According to the AGA, digestive symptoms of EPI include: GasBloatingDiarrheaAbdominal painGreasy, oily stoolsFoul-smelling stoolsUnexplained weight loss Nondigestive Symptoms of EPI Symptoms of malnutrition, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine, include: Pale, dry skinChanges in skin colorBruising easilyRashesSensitivity to lightBleeding gumsAchy jointsThinning hair or hair that falls out easilySwollen or cracked tongue...

But while the flavor profile of this iconic American dessert is always popular, its nutritional one is far from optimal. One of the three key ingredients, marshmallows, are little more than sugar or corn syrup and gelatin, and are considered a “food of minimal nutritional value” by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The milk chocolate and sweetened refined-flour crackers ratchet up the sugar total to around 20 grams (g) per serving, which rings in around 200 calories for one s’more made of a single graham cracker, half a Hershey’s bar, and one regular marshmallow....

I’ve heard several and had them explained to me. They don’t all simply mean “rain,” and some don’t have direct translations at all. For example, one of my many favorites is ag cur sceana gréasaí, which very roughly translates to “dropping paring knives.” “Pelting,” “pissing,” “coming down in stair rods,” or “desperate” are just a few of the many other ways to describe the Irish rain. RELATED: 3 Important Words in the MS Lexicon...

Not all body fat is the same, however. The most common kind is called white fat, or white adipose tissue, and its main function is to store calories for energy. But there is also a second kind of fat called brown fat, or brown adipose tissue (BAT), that exists in small amounts in all adults, serving the simple purpose of keeping us warm when we get cold. White fat can sometimes turn into brown fat, and during that stage it is sometimes known as beige fat....

Nineteen out of 20 people diagnosed as allergic to penicillin may not actually be allergic at all, leading to longer hospital stays and antibiotic resistant infections, according to Erica Shenoy, MD, PhD, associate professor at Harvard Medical School and associate chief of infection control at Massachusetts General in Boston, who is a coauthor of a new review, published on January 15, 2019, in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), focusing on the management of penicillin allergy....

For the trial, researchers asked 74 adults, ages 18 to 35, to come to a lab on three separate occasions. The group included women (58 percent) and men, and overall 37 percent were at a healthy weight, 32 percent were overweight, and 31 percent were obese. During each lab visit, researchers asked participants to drink one of three different beverages: water; a drink containing the artificial sweetener sucralose; or a drink sweetened with sucrose, a sugar found naturally in a variety of foods....

Vaccine distribution nationwide continues to ramp up, with nearly two million shots being given daily. President Biden has now said that every adult could be vaccinated by the end of May. It’s a big promise that brings with it hope: a light at the end of the COVID tunnel. But when will getting a COVID-19 shot be like getting a flu shot? Many of the doses currently being given are at mass-vaccination sites....

– Yolanda, Florida It seems that you and your doctor have taken the surgeon’s approach to toenail infection! Before we get to cutting or removing the nails, let me point out a few general facts. Individuals who suffer from diabetes are susceptible to toenail fungal infections and their complications. It is very important to treat the infection and achieve good glucose control. (This is not just a cosmetic problem for individuals who have diabetes....

“It was fun. Yes, it was,” he says. In fact, he loves the sport so much, he hasn’t stopped playing since, except for when he’s been injured. For Terry, the best part of playing was having fun hanging out with friends and learning more about the sport, he says. But Terry, a rising college senior at Kennesaw State University in Georgia, admits that being a football player has had its rough patches....

Researchers found that vapers and hookah users are more than twice as likely to exhale particles through their nose than people who smoke cigarettes, who typically exhale the emissions from their mouth. “This matters because the way vapers and hookah smokers use their devices may expose the nose and sinuses to far more emissions than cigarettes, which may in turn increase their risk of upper respiratory diseases,” says the study’s lead author, Emma Karey, PhD, a postdoctoral research fellow in the department of environmental medicine at NYU Langone Health in New York City....

Vitiligo (a disorder that causes pigment loss in the skin and other parts of the body) doesn’t pose a major threat to your health, and it’s not usually painful or itchy, but receiving a diagnosis could bring you peace of mind and help you understand what’s happening to your skin. (2) “Scheduling an appointment with your dermatologist is the best way to diagnose vitiligo,” Hal Weitzbuch, MD, a dermatologist in private practice in Calabasas, California....

Since you’re very unlikely to snack on them the same way you would a tangerine or a grapefruit, you may be wondering what you can do with lemons, and better yet, how they might benefit your health. Here, we break down the scientifically proven benefits of lemons according to research and nutrition experts. What Are Lemons? Lemons are a member of the citrus family, which also includes oranges, grapefruit, and limes....

Tonsil stones are usually about gravel-sized, but they can also be quite small — sometimes even too tiny to be seen with the naked eye. In rare cases they can potentially grow to be as large as a golf ball or bigger if they grow for long periods of time. They’re usually soft but they can harden, and they are light yellowish or white in color. (1,2) Usually these spots pose no serious risks to your health and often can be removed easily at home....

How do you know the rash is hives? If the rash comes and goes within 24 hours, it is most likely hives. But hives can either be acute or chronic. The two types share many common triggers. The big difference is timing. For acute hives, you’re just dealing with one bout of hives, or they may come and go, but they resolve within six weeks. If you have chronic hives, the rashes continue to appear and disappear for longer than six weeks....

But sebaceous cysts — slow-growing bumps under the skin that can appear on the ears, scalp, face, torso, back, or groin area — are typically harmless. And while they can be irritating (or unsightly), they are not cancerous. Here’s what you need to know — and do — if you have a sebaceous cyst. Sometimes, however, they can become inflamed, infected, or suddenly rupture, which can increase the risk of infection (more on that later)....

There are four types of angina with differing symptoms: stable, unstable, variant, and microvascular. Stable angina is chest pain or tightness that’s triggered by a high level of physical activity, such as exercising or walking up a set of stairs. Chest pain lasts about a few minutes and disappears with rest or medication. Unstable angina is more of an emergency situation that comes without a specific trigger. It lasts longer than stable angina, perhaps 30 minutes or more....

These diseases can range from mild to life-threatening. The group of diseases caused by this mold is referred to as aspergillosis. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)Allergic Aspergillus sinusitisAspergillomaChronic pulmonary aspergillosisInvasive aspergillosisCutaneous aspergillosis WheezingShortness of breathCoughBrown or dark mucous (also known as sputum)Fever in rare cases StuffinessRunny noseHeadacheReduced ability to smell CoughCoughing up bloodShortness of breath Weight lossCoughCoughing up bloodFatigueShortness of breath FeverChest painCoughCoughing up bloodShortness of breath A chest X-ray or chest CT scan, which can reveal an aspergilloma, fungal mass, or the characteristic signs of invasive aspergillosis and ABPARespiratory secretion (sputum) test, in which a sample of your sputum is stained with a dye and checked for the presence of Aspergillus filamentsTissue and blood tests, which may help confirm ABPABiopsy of tissues from your lungs or sinuses and blood tests, to confirm invasive aspergillosis...